Endometrial polyps are a common gynecological disease. They are caused by local excessive proliferation of the endometrium and appear as single or multiple smooth masses protruding into the uterine cavity, with pedicles of varying lengths. The following is a detailed introduction to endometrial polyps:
Cause:
Endocrine factors: Excessive estrogen levels are closely related to the formation of endometrial polyps. Perimenopausal and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy, regular consumption of hormone supplements, etc. may increase estrogen levels in women.
Inflammatory factors: Long-term gynecological inflammation stimulation, stimulation by foreign bodies in the uterine cavity (such as contraceptive rings), childbirth, miscarriage, puerperal infection, surgical operation or mechanical stimulation may all cause the occurrence of endometrial polyps.
Other factors: increasing age, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, long-term use of tamoxifen after breast cancer surgery, etc. are all factors that increase the incidence of endometrial polyps.
Clinical manifestations:
Irregular uterine bleeding: menorrhagia, prolonged menstruation, or abnormal uterine bleeding before menopause, but the severity of symptoms has nothing to do with the number, diameter, and location of polyps.
Abdominal pain: often appears in the second half of menstruation, becomes progressively worse, and gradually disappears after menstruation is over. This is mainly due to the obstruction of endometrial polyps, which leads to poor discharge of menstrual blood.
Abnormal leucorrhea: Large polyps or polyps that protrude into the cervical canal or even the vagina are prone to secondary infection and necrosis, causing increased leucorrhea or blood streaks in the leucorrhea, as well as smelly bloody secretions. A few patients with larger polyps may develop contact leucorrhea. Bleeding.
Infertility: If endometrial polyps grow in the cervical canal, they may prevent sperm from entering the uterine cavity; if they grow in the uterine cavity, they may prevent the implantation of fertilized eggs or affect the development of embryos, leading to infertility.
Inspection Method:
Gynecological examination: The uterus is slightly larger, such as endometrial polyps with long pedicles, and vegetations can be seen or touched at the cervical opening.
Ultrasound examination: Transvaginal ultrasonography reveals conventionally shaped hyperechoic lesions in the uterine cavity surrounded by a weak hyperechoic halo.
Hysteroscopy: Hysteroscopy can not only observe the situation in the uterine cavity under direct vision, which is intuitive and clear, but also can remove tissues for pathological examination. It is an important method for diagnosing endometrial polyps.
Pathological examination: Endometrial polyps can be diagnosed through pathological examination of the tissue removed during hysteroscopy.
treatment method:
Drug treatment: For patients with relatively small polyps and mild symptoms, they can be treated by taking short-acting contraceptive pills under the guidance of a doctor.
Surgical treatment: Surgical treatment methods include hysteroscopic polyp removal, dilation and curettage, hysterectomy, etc. The first two surgical options are suitable for women who have fertility needs, and the last surgical method is suitable for women who do not have fertility needs.
Please note that the above information is for reference only. If you have any concerns or symptoms, please seek medical advice in time.